Arthur,ArthurPE wrote: as I previously pointed out, there is no way deposits cause a 10% loss in volumetric efficiency, and that is the only way a 10% loss torque can be realized since displacement and compression remain the same (as does the number '4' and Pi~3.141596....)
If the deposits cause timing retardation as a byproduct, then the Brake Mean Effective Pressure (BMEP) is reduced. Your calculation is an overly simplistic first order approximation, which assumes that all other factors are unchanged, that intake valve and combustion chamber deposits do not cause increased detonation due to pre-ignition or turbulent flow pattern disruption. 10 degree ignition timing change can easily cause a 5 to 10% change in BMEP, which linearly translates to torque reduction.
Timing advance increases NOx emissions. Timing <beep> does not have a significant impact on emissions. RS4 owners have logged significant timing pull due to IVD.